What Are Parallel Proceedings?
Written by Cooper & Friedman PLLC on January 13, 2026
Parallel proceedings happen when a defendant in a criminal case is simultaneously involved with a civil case. These cases usually arise from the same alleged conduct and often involve overlapping facts and evidence, or a single course of conduct that may violate multiple laws. Criminal prosecutors and civil lawyers pursue separate legal actions, even though the matters are closely connected.
When it comes to parallel proceedings, most matters are evaluated early for criminal, civil, regulatory, and administrative remedies at the same time. However, other cases begin as criminal investigations and expand into civil enforcement or, alternatively, start as civil actions that later prompt criminal prosecution. As police misconduct and personal injury lawyers in Louisville, KY, Cooper and Friedman see this a lot when it comes to civil rights law, excessive force cases, and police misconduct.
Penalties and Consequences in Parallel Proceedings
Defendants in parallel proceedings face a wide range of potential consequences. Criminal cases may result in:
- Incarceration
- Probation
- Fines
Civil proceedings often result in:
- Restitution
- Remediation
- Forfeiture
- Fines
Administrative actions may also occur, including:
- Suspension
- Debarment
- Loss of government benefits and privileges
When combined, these penalties can significantly affect a defendant’s financial stability and professional future, which is why they are monitored closely with protections in place.
Constitutional Issues Raised by Parallel Proceedings
Parallel proceedings raise important constitutional concerns for defendants. Double jeopardy arguments may arise, although courts usually allow civil and criminal cases to proceed together when civil penalties are considered remedial. The Excessive Fines Clause may apply if combined penalties appear disproportionate. Collateral estoppel also presents risks, as admissions or factual findings in one case may bind a defendant in another proceeding.
Discovery Challenges in Parallel Proceedings
Discovery presents other issues in parallel proceedings. Civil discovery rules generally allow broader access to documents and testimony than criminal discovery rules. This difference creates challenges for defendants, because information disclosed in civil discovery may later be used in a criminal case. Grand jury secrecy further complicates matters, as federal rules strictly limit disclosure of grand jury materials and require careful handling of evidence sources.
How Courts Manage Parallel Proceedings
Ultimately, courts should always handle cases with the goal of a fair resolution to all parties. Judges consider potential prejudice to defendants alongside maintaining proper law enforcement. There is no automatic rule preventing parallel proceedings. But, courts often address problematic situations by issuing protective orders, limiting discovery use, or temporarily staying one case to prevent unfair harm.
Resolution of Parallel Proceedings
Resolution decisions in one case often affect all related proceedings. Prosecutors must consider how charges and plea agreements impact later civil liability or administrative enforcement. Civil settlements may influence regulatory outcomes. Timely communication among agencies helps ensure that resolutions align with broader enforcement goals and legal requirements.
Civil Law Representation at Cooper and Friedman in Louisville, KY
If you or someone you love has been injured or experienced police misconduct in the State of Kentucky and are in need of an experienced civil attorney, give the lawyers at the Cooper & Friedman law firm a call. The attorneys at Cooper and Friedman PLLC have over 50 years of combined experience defending the rights of civil matter victims. Contact us with questions you might have or schedule a free case consultation with an attorney by calling 502-459-7555 today.